The recent Senate Finance Committee hearing on the US-Peru Trade Promotion Agreement is an encouraging sign that Congress is moving forward on completed agreements that have not been voted on.最近美国参议院财政委员会听证会上对美国秘鲁贸易促进协定是一个令人鼓舞的迹象，国会正在向前推进就完成了协定，但没有付诸表决。The agreement was signed in April of 2006 and is covered by the May 2007 agreement on labor and environmental issues in free trade agreements between the Administration and Democratic leaders.这项协议是在2006年4月，是涵盖2007年5月就劳工和环境问题，自由贸易协定之间的行政和民主党领袖。Committee Chairman Baucus (D-MT) noted in his opening remarks, “For the first time in any trade agreement, the US-Peru Trade Promotion Agreement includes meaningful, and fully enforceable, labor and environmental protections.”委员会主席鲍卡斯（丁-吨）指出在开场白中， “首次在任何贸易协定，美秘鲁贸易促进协定包括有意义的，并完全执行，劳工和环境的保护。 ”
Peru is not a big market with a population of 29 million people increasing about 1.3 percent per year in an area slightly smaller than Alaska.秘鲁是一个巨大的市场，人口29万人增加约百分之一点三，每年在一个地区略小于美国的阿拉斯加。It is surrounded by five countries – Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Columbia and Ecuador.这是周围五个国家-玻利维亚，巴西，智利，哥伦比亚和厄瓜多尔。The US has a free trade agreement with Chile and has negotiated one with Columbia.美国自由贸易协定与智利和谈判与哥伦比亚之一。The US is on good terms with Brazil, but has strained relations on economic policies with Bolivia and Ecuador.美国是良好的条件与巴西，但紧张的关系就经济政策与玻利维亚和厄瓜多尔。Peru is part of a larger US effort to strengthen economic relationships with countries in South America.秘鲁是一个更大的努力，美国加强经济关系的国家在南美洲。
Peru’s GDP was $77 billion in 2006 on an official exchange rate basis and $187 billion on purchasing power parity (PPP) basis, with yearly real growth averaging over 4 percent for 2002-06.秘鲁国内生产总值为770亿美元， 2006年的官方汇率的基础和一千八百七亿美元购买力平价（ PPP ）的基础上，与每年的实际增长率均超过百分之四的转播。Per capita GDP was $6,600 (PPP), about half of Chile’s $12,700, behind Brazil at $8,800 and Columbia at $8,600 and higher than Ecuador at $4,500 and Bolivia’s $3,100.人均国内生产总值六六零零美元（购买力平价） ，大约有一半的智利12700美元，仅次于巴西为8800和哥伦比亚为8600和厄瓜多尔高于美元， 4500和玻利维亚的三千一美元。Agriculture has 9 percent of the labor force, industry 18 percent and services 73 percent.农业部百分之九的劳动力，工业百分之十八和百分之七十三的服务。Despite a 7 percent unemployment rate around Lima, the capital with one-third of the population and 60 percent of the national income, there is widespread underemployment, with half the population living below the poverty line.尽管百分之七左右的失业率首都利马有三分之一的人口和百分之六十的国家收入，人们普遍不足，有一半以上的人口生活在贫困线以下。Reliance on minerals and metal mining subjects the economy to swings in metals prices.依赖于矿物和金属采矿主体的经济波动金属价格。The US accounts for about 25 percent of Peruvian exports and 20 percent of imports.美国占了约百分之二十五秘鲁出口和百分之二十的进口。The International Trade Commission estimated that total US exports to Peru would increase by 25 percent with the agreement and imports by 8 percent.美国国际贸易委员会估计，美国的出口占秘鲁将增加百分之二十五的协议，进口百分之八。
Current agricultural trade policy is asymmetrical.当前农产品贸易的政策是不对称的。Over 99 percent of Peru’s agricultural exports to the US, $602 million in calendar year 2006, entered duty free under the Andean Trade Preference Act of 1991 and the Andean Trade Preference and Drug Eradication Act of 2002.超过百分之九十九的秘鲁的农产品出口到美国， 60200万美元在2006历年，进入免税根据安第斯贸易优惠法案1991年和安第斯贸易优惠和根除毒品法案2002年。These preferences are made permanent in the new agreement.这些优惠是长期在新的协议。Only 2 percent of the $209 million of US agricultural exports to Peru entered duty free.只有百分之二的2.09亿美元的美国农产品向秘鲁的出口免税进入。Consumer-oriented products accounted for 67 percent of the imports to the US, $403 million, with $338 million of that fruits and vegetables.面向消费者的产品占了百分之六十七的进口到美国，四亿零三百万美元，与3.38亿美元的水果和蔬菜。The major bulk commodity exports were unroasted coffee at $120 million and sugar at $39 million.主要大宗商品出口unroasted咖啡1.2亿美元和糖在3900万美元。 Bulk commodity exports from the US to Peru totaled $112 million in 2006, 54 percent of total exports.散装商品出口美国，秘鲁总额1.12亿美元在2006年，百分之五十四的出口总额。Coarse grains and cotton were the leaders at $44 million and $43 million, respectively.粗粮和棉花的领导人在4400万美元和4300万美元，分别。Wheat exports were $151 million in 2004 and declined to $19 million for 2006 because of strong price competition from Canada and Argentina.小麦出口1.51亿美元， 2004年下降到1900万美元， 2006年，由于强大的价格竞争来自加拿大和阿根廷。Intermediate agricultural exports of $57 million, 27 percent of the total, were led by soybean oil at $15 million and other vegetable oils at $10 million.中级农产品出口5700万美元， 27日总额的百分之，分别由大豆油为1500万美元和其他植物油在1000万美元。Consumer-oriented products accounted for the remaining 19 percent of exports, $40 million.面向消费者的产品则占其余的百分之十九，出口4000万美元。Dairy product sales were $12 million followed by snack foods at $9 million.乳制品产品销售的1200万美元之后零食为900万美元。
Under the agreement about 90 percent of current US exports will be immediately tariff free.根据双方达成的协议约百分之九十目前美国的出口将立即关税全免。These include cotton, wheat, soybeans, soybean meal, crude soybean oil, high quality beef, apples, pears, peaches, cherries, almonds, and foods like frozen French fries, cookies and snack foods.这些问题包括棉花，小麦，大豆，豆粕，毛豆油，高品质的牛肉，苹果，梨，桃子，樱桃，杏仁，和冷冻食品，炸薯条，饼干和零食。Tariffs on pork will be phased out over five to ten years.猪肉的关税将逐步取消了5至10年。Tariff rate quotes (TRQ) are created for corn, rice, dairy products and over 30 other products to replace variable tariffs (price bands) that can be as high as Peru’s WTO bound tariff of 68 percent.关税税率引号（配额）都建立玉米，大米，奶制品和其他30多个产品，以取代可变关税（价格区间） ，可高达秘鲁加入WTO约束关税的百分之六十八。Other tariffs will be phased out over 2-17 year transition periods.其他的关税将逐步取消了2-17年的过渡期。TRQs will expand and over-quota tariffs decline over 10 years for beef variety meats, yellow corn and refined soybean oil; 12 years for standard quality beef; 15 years for butter, yogurt and dairy products; and 17 years for rice, milk powder, cheese and chicken leg quarters.关税配额将扩大和配额关税下降超过10年的牛肉各种肉类，黄玉米和成品大豆油; 12年的牛肉质量标准; 15年的黄油，奶酪和奶制品;和17岁的大米，奶粉，奶酪和鸡腿四分之三。
Increased trade will be a two-way street with the US accepting more imports for commodities now protected with TRQ.增加贸易将是一条双行道与美国接受更多的进口商品的保护，现在配额。Processed dairy products will have expanding TRQ for 15 years and cheese and condensed/evaporated milk for 17 years.乳制品加工将扩大关税配额为15年，奶酪和压缩/炼乳为17年。The current sugar TRQ of 43,175 metric tons (MT) will be increased by 9,000 MT in the first year and then by 180 MT per year in perpetuity.目前的食糖关税配额43175吨（吨）将增加9000吨的第一年，然后由180吨，每年永久化。The extra TRQ can only be used in years when Peru has a sugar trade surplus.额外的配额只能用于当年秘鲁食糖贸易盈余。Organic sugar has a separate annual 2,000 MT TRQ.有机糖有一个单独的年度配额2,000吨。The 26-percent tariff on beef imports to the US will be phased out over 15 years. 26关税对进口牛肉的美国将逐步取消15岁以上。
Peru would continue to recognize the equivalence of the US meat inspection system and fully open markets to US poultry and products from all states.秘鲁将继续承认等同美国肉类检查制度，全面开放市场，美国家禽及产品的所有国家。Consistent with international standards, Peru will permit imports of all US beef and beef products, except high risk materials.符合国际标准，秘鲁将准许进口所有美国牛肉和牛肉制品，除高风险材料。An SPS Committee will be established to expedite resolution of technical issues.卫生和植物检疫委员会将会成立，加快解决技术问题。
Except for 99 percent of Peru’s agricultural exports already entering the US tariff free, there is nothing special about the US-Peru Trade Promotion Agreement.除百分之九十九的秘鲁的农产品出口已经进入美国的关税自由，没有什么特别的美秘鲁贸易促进协定。Like many developing countries, Peru created high tariffs on agricultural products at a time when trade policy was mostly focused on protecting domestic production.像许多发展中国家一样，秘鲁设立高关税的农产品时，贸易政策，主要是侧重于保护国内生产。With a growing middle class, lower transportation costs and comparative advantages in production in other countries, trade policy has to unwind the protectionist barriers of the past.随着越来越多的中产阶级，降低运输成本和比较优势的生产在其他国家，贸易政策已经放松的保护主义壁垒过去。Transition periods of up to 17 years are not good economics, but in the end, this agreement opens markets and that is good for producers and consumers in both countries.过渡期可达17年来没有良好的经济，但最终，这项协议打开市场，这是一个好生产者和消费者在这两个国家。
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