| The US-Korea Free Trade Agreement is a Unique Opportunity韩美自由贸易协定是一个独特的机会 |  |  |  |
| Posted by Ross Korves 发布者罗斯Korves |
| Wednesday, 08 August 2007星期三， 2007年8月8日 |
The US-Korea Free Trade Agreement (FTA) has become an easy target for trade policy critics in general and those with specific industry concerns like automobiles and beef.韩美自由贸易协定（ FTA ）已经成为一个容易的目标贸易政策的批评一般和那些与特定行业的关注像汽车和牛肉。 Some of the issues raised are valid points of concern, but are actually reasons to support the FTA as a way to deal with the issues.提出的一些问题是有效的关注点，但实际上的理由，以支持自由贸易协定，以此来处理这些问题。 The FTA permanently sweeps away barriers to trade that would be impossible to remove one at a time.永久的自由贸易协定席卷了贸易壁垒将无法删除一次。 US agriculture has a major stake in seeing that the agreement is approved by Congress and fully implemented.美国农业有着重大的股权看到，该协议是美国国会的批准和充分实施。
Korea’s trade policy has been part of a larger policy of trying to manage its economy from the top down.韩国的贸易政策一直是一个更大的政策，试图以管理其经济从上而下。 Korea has participated in expansion of trade under the WTO rules while at the same time protecting domestic industries, agricultural and non-agricultural, to the maximum extent possible.韩国还参加了扩大贸易，根据世贸组织规则，同时保护国内产业，农业和非农业，最大限度地。 Korean political and business leaders have now concluded that it is in their economic best interest to pursue a more open trade policy with the US to promote greater economic growth through price competition and innovation.韩国政界和商界领导人现在已经得出结论认为，这是其经济的最佳利益追求一个更加开放的贸易政策与美国合作，促进更大的经济增长通过价格竞争和创新。 This is a unique opportunity.这是一个独特的机会。
Supporters of agricultural trade with Korea are quick to point out that US agricultural exports to Korea were $2.85 billion in calendar year 2006 making it the sixth largest market for US agriculture.支持农业贸易与韩国的迅速指出，美国农产品出口韩国二十八点五零零亿美元在2006年成为第六大市场的美国农业。 What is left unsaid is that the dollar value of exports in 2006 was roughly the same as the peak export year of 2003 before the discovery of BSE in the US dried up beef exports to Korea.什么是左unsaid的是，美元的出口值在2006年的大致相同的出口高峰期2003年前发现的疯牛病在美国的枯竭，牛肉出口到韩国。 The export total is also based on a relatively few items that makes agricultural trade at risk to changes in market conditions for those products.出口总额也是基于一个相对较少的项目，使农业贸易的风险市场状况的转变，对那些产品。 The FTA provides an opportunity to increase total exports by expanding sales across a broad range of products.自由贸易协定提供了一个机会，以增加出口总额，扩大销售的范围广泛的产品。
Course grains, mostly corn, at $719 million accounted for 25 percent of US agricultural exports to Korea in 2006.当然谷物，主要是玉米，在七万一千九百点〇 〇 〇万美元占百分之二十五，美国农产品出口到韩国在2006年。 That was triple the value of shipments in 2005, up one-third from the previous high of $542 million in 2004 and far beyond the $42 million of course grains shipped in 2003.这是三重价值的出货量在2005年，有三分之一由以前的高五点四二零亿美元在2004年和远远超过了4200万美元的谷物，当然在2003年出货量。 With China likely to be less of a player in corn exports in the next few years, this market may become more stable.随着中国可能会少一名球员的玉米出口在未来数年内，这一市场可能会变得更加稳定。 Corn is among the products least impacted by the FTA.玉米是最不发达国家的产品的影响，自由贸易协定。 Korea imports corn tariff free, but could impose a 5 percent WTO tariff on the first 6.1 million tons of corn imported with a 328 percent tariff for imports above that level.韩国玉米进口关税自由，但可以征收百分之五WTO关税的第一六百一点〇 〇万吨玉米进口的328关税进口上述水平。 Under the FTA the tariff would be zero for all quantities and remove any uncertainty about future market access.根据自由贸易协定的关税将为零的所有数量和消除任何不确定性未来的市场准入。
The second largest category of imports from the US was hides and skins at $354 million, 12 percent of US exports.第二大类从美国进口的皮革和毛皮在3.54亿美元，百分之十二美国的出口。 Cattle hides accounted for about 80 percent of shipments and about 90 percent of Korean cattle hide imports.牛皮革占了大约百分之八十的出货量，约百分之九十的韩国进口牛皮。 This is a declining market as the tanning industry moves to lower cost countries.这是一个下降，市场为制革行业逐渐向成本较低的国家。 As with corn, the WTO tariff is 5 percent.由于玉米，世贸组织的关税是百分之五。 The applied tariff is 1 percent and would be bound at zero under the FTA.在实行的关税是百分之一，将在零约束下的自由贸易协定。
The current import barriers for fruits and vegetables and red meats, the third and fourth largest categories at $258 million and $234 million, respectively, are much more complex and costly.目前的进口壁垒的水果和蔬菜，红色肉类，第三和第四大类2.58亿美元和2.34亿美元，分别是更为复杂和昂贵。 These products compete directly with Korean domestic production.这些产品直接竞争与韩国国内生产。 Consumer-oriented products accounted for one-third of US exports to Korea and are expected to grow under the FTA.面向消费者的产品占了三分之一的美国出口到韩国，预计将增长下的自由贸易协定。
The tariff for oranges in Korea’s out-of-season period (March 1 – August 31) would be immediately reduced from 50 percent to 30 percent and eliminated over six years in equal installments.关税的橘子在韩国进行的本赛季期间（ 3月1号至8月31号）将立即减少百分之五十至百分之三十和消除六年多来在平等的分期付款。 An in-season duty-free quota would be set at 2,500 tons per years with a 3 percent yearly increase.一个赛季的免税配额将定在每二五○○吨年，每年百分之三增加。 The over quota tariff would be 50 percent.超过配额的关税将是百分之五十。 The 30 percent tariff for lemons and grapefruit would be eliminated over two years and five years, respectively. 30关税的柠檬和柚子将取消过去两年和五年分别。 The 54 percent tariff on frozen orange juice would be eliminated immediately. 54关税的冷冻橙汁将立即取消。 Other fruits and vegetables would have a mixture of immediate elimination of tariffs and phase outs of up to 18 years.其他水果和蔬菜将有混合物立即取消关税和阶段出局高达18岁。 Some products will have in-season quotas combined with out-of-season tariff reductions.有些产品将在本赛季的配额加上失去赛季的关税削减。
Frozen and fresh pork products would have tariffs of 25 percent and 22.5 percent, respectively, reduced to zero by 2014.冷冻和新鲜猪肉产品的关税将有百分之二十五和百分之22.5 ，分别减少到零到2014年。 Tariffs on fresh pork bellies would be eliminated over 10 years, with a safeguard quota that begins at 8,250 tons (about twice current imports) and increases by 6 percent per year.关税肚子鲜猪肉将被淘汰10年以上，以保障配额始于八二五〇吨（约占目前进口的两倍） ，并增加6个百分点左右。 The 40 percent tariff on beef muscle meat would be reduced to zero over 15 years of equal adjustments, with a 270,000 metric ton safeguard that increases 2 percent per year.百分之四十的关税肌肉肉牛肉将减少到零超过15年的同等调整，以27.0万公吨保障，增加百分之二左右。 Poultry meat, eggs and dairy would have similar reductions in tariffs with quantity safeguard and tariff rate quotas.畜禽肉，蛋和奶制品将有类似的削减关税与数量保障和税率配额。
As has been learned with US beef shipments to Korea, the food safety regulators are adept at thwarting market opening agreements.如已获悉美国牛肉出口韩国，食品安全监管部门善于挫败开放市场的协议。 In the FTA both countries affirm their rights and obligations under the WTO SPS agreement and establish an SPS Committee to enhance cooperation on sanitary and phytosanitary concerns.在两国自由贸易协定确认其权利和义务，根据世贸组织卫生和植物检疫措施协议，并设立一个卫生和植物检疫措施委员会，以加强合作，卫生和植物检疫的关注。 The WTO SPS agreement encourages regulatory harmonization through the use of international standards and guidelines, including those of the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE).世贸组织卫生和植物检疫措施协议鼓励统一管理通过利用国际标准和准则，其中包括世界动物卫生组织（ OIE ） 。
USDA estimates that 64 percent of US agricultural exports would immediately be duty free.美国农业部估计，百分之六十四的美国农产品出口将立即免税。 That percentage would be concentrated in the bulk commodities, except for rice imports which would continue under existing WTO rules.这一比例将集中在大宗商品，除进口大米将继续根据现行WTO规则。 With Korea’s history of protecting its agriculture and the current experience in beef, increased imports of consumer-oriented products would likely result in many disagreements over food quality and safety issues, but that should not deter support for the agreement.与韩国的历史保护其农业和目前的经验，牛肉，进口增加的面向消费者的产品可能会导致许多分歧，食品质量和安全问题，但不应阻止支持该协议。 Market opening by an economically successful country like Korea trying to shake off its protectionist past is a unique opportunity that should not be missed.市场开放的一个经济成功的国家像韩国试图摆脱它的贸易保护主义过去是一个独特的机会，不应错过。 Korea already has an FTA with Chile, and other agricultural exporters are interested in an agreement, particularly if the US rejects the FTA.韩国已经有一个与智利自由贸易协定，和其他农产品出口有兴趣的协议，特别是如果美国拒绝自由贸易协定。
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